Relations between climatic variability and hydrologic time series from four alluvial basins across the southwestern United States
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چکیده
Hydrologic time series of groundwater levels, streamflow, precipitation, and tree-ring indices from four alluvial basins in the southwestern United States were spectrally analyzed, and then frequency components were reconstructed to isolate variability due to climatic variations on four time scales. Reconstructed components (RCs), from each time series, were compared to climatic indices like the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), North American Monsoon (NAM), and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), to reveal that as much as 80% of RC variation can be correlated with climate variations on corresponding time scales. In most cases, the hydrologic RCs lag behind the climate indices by 1–36 months. In all four basins, PDO-like components were the largest contributors to cyclic hydrologic variability. Generally, California time series have more variation associated with PDO and ENSO than the Arizona series, and Arizona basins have more variation associated with NAM. ENSO cycles were present in all four basins but were the largest relative contributors in southeastern Arizona. Groundwater levels show a wide range of climate responses that can be correlated from well to well in the various basins, with climate responses found in unconfined and confined aquifers from pumping centers to mountain fronts. Résumé Les séries de données hydrologiques (niveaux piézométriques, débits des rivières, précipitations, indices de végétation) de quatre bassins alluviaux du Sud des Etats-Unis ont fait l’objet d’une analyse spectrale, suivi d’une reconstruction des composantes fréquentielles afin d’isoler la variabilité due aux variations climatiques, selon quatre différentes échelles de temps. Les composantes reconstruites (RCs), en provenance de chaque séries temporelles, ont été comparées aux indices climatiques tel l’Oscillation Décadaire du Pacifique (PDO), la Mousson Nord-Américaine (NAM), et l’Oscillation du Sud ElNiño (ENSO), révélant du coup que 80% de la variabilité des RD peut être corrélé avec des variations climatiques sur les échelles de temps correspondantes. Dans la plus part des cas, le retard des RCs hydrologiques sur les indices climatiques est compris entre 1 et 36 mois. Dans les quatre bassins, les composantes proches du PDO contribuent le plus à la variabilité du cycle hydrologique. Générallement, les données temporelles de la Californie reproduisent plus de variations associées avec la PDO et l’ENSO, que les séries de l’Arizona, tandis que les bassins de ce dernier ont de meilleures corrélations avec le NAM. Les cyles de l’ENSO sont présents dans les quatres bassins, mais sont plus intenses dans le Sud de l’Arizona. Les niveaux des eaux souterraines montrent une grande variabilité de réponses climatiques qui peuvent être corrélées de puits en puits dans les différents bassins, avec des réponses climatiques trouvées dans les aquifères libres et captifs, des puits de pompage jusqu’au pied des montagnes. Resumen Se han analizado espectralmente series de tiempo hidrológicas de niveles de agua, caudales, precipitación, e índices de anillos de árbol provenientes de cuatro cuencas aluviales del suroeste de Estados Unidos y se reconstruyeron componentes de frecuencia para separar la variabilidad ocasionada por variaciones climáticas en cuatro escalas de tiempo. Se compararon componentes reconstruidos (RCs) de cada serie de tiempo con índices climáticos tal como Oscilación Decenaria del Pacífico (PDO), Monzón de Norte América (NAM), y la Oscilación Sureña El Niño (ENSO) para encontrar que hasta el 80% de la variación RC puede correlacionarse con variaciones climáticas en escalas de tiempo correspondientes. En muchos casos, los RCs hidrológicos se encuentran detrás de los índices climáticos en periodos de 1–36 meses. En las cuatro cuencas los componentes del PDO fueron los mayores contribuyentes a la variabilidad Received: 13 May 2004 /Accepted: 25 May 2006 © Springer-Verlag 2006 R. T. Hanson ()) :M. W. Newhouse US Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, 4165 Spruance Rd., Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101-0812, USA e-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +1-619-2256139 M. D. Dettinger Climate Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography/USGS, 201 Nierenberg Hall, La Jolla, CA 92093-0224, USA e-mail: [email protected] Hydrogeology Journal DOI 10.1007/s10040-006-0067-7 hidrológica cíclica. Generalmente, las series de tiempo de California tienen más variación asociada con PDO y ENSO que las series de Arizona, y las cuencas de Arizona tiene más variación asociada con NAM. Los ciclos ENSO se presentaron en las cuatro cuencas pero fueron contribuyentes relativos más grandes en el sureste de Arizona. Los niveles de agua subterránea muestran un amplio rango de respuestas climáticas que pueden correlacionarse de pozo en pozo en las distintas cuencas, con respuestas climáticas detectadas en acuíferos confinados y no confinados desde centros de bombeo a frentes montañosos.
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تاریخ انتشار 2006